History as a Fortress: Spinalonga has a long history, with the Venetians initially building a fortress on the island in the early 16th century to protect the eastern part of Crete from Ottoman invasions. The Venetians maintained control until 1715 when the Ottomans seized the island.
- Ottoman Occupation: During the Ottoman period, Spinalonga was used for various purposes, including as a fortress and a refuge for Ottoman families.
- Leprosy Colony: In the early 20th century, during the time when Crete was under Venetian control, Spinalonga was turned into a leper colony. People with leprosy from different parts of Greece were sent to the island to live in isolation. The leper colony operated from 1903 until 1957.
- Abandonment and Tourist Attraction: After the closure of the leper colony, Spinalonga was abandoned. In recent decades, however, it has become a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can take boat trips from the nearby towns of Elounda and Plaka to explore the island and learn about its history.
- Literary Connection: Spinalonga gained international attention through the bestselling novel “The Island” by Victoria Hislop, published in 2005. The book is set on the island and tells the story of a family affected by leprosy.
- Archaeological Sites: The island has several well-preserved buildings and structures, including the remains of the Venetian fortress, Turkish houses, and the buildings from the time of the leper colony.
Today, Spinalonga is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and its historical and cultural significance, along with its picturesque setting, makes it a notable destination for tourists interested in exploring the island’s past.